Simply put, if we have a RR > 1, the RR expresses how many times the exposure can lead to the outcome. In the smokers' example above, the RR is equal to 5.
A risk ratio of 1.0 indicates there is no difference in risk between the exposed and unexposed group. A risk ratio greater than 1.0 indicates a positive association, or increased risk for developing the health outcome in the exposed group.
How do you interpret a hazard ratio greater than 1?
If the hazard ratio is >1, it indicates that the treatment group has a shorter survival than the control referenced group, and if it is <1, it indicates that the group of interest is less likely to have a shorter time to the event than the reference group. The ratio does not quantify the magnitude of the difference.
A risk ratio less than 1.0 indicates a decreased risk for the exposed group, indicating that perhaps exposure actually protects against disease occurrence.
How do you interpret the odds ratio greater than 1?
As an example, if the odds ratio is 1.5, the odds of disease after being exposed are 1.5 times greater than the odds of disease if you were not exposed another way to think of it is that there is a 50% increase in the odds of disease if you are exposed.
How to Interpret and Use a Relative Risk and an Odds Ratio
What if odds ratio is more than 1?
An odds ratio greater than 1 indicates that the condition or event is more likely to occur in the first group. And an odds ratio less than 1 indicates that the condition or event is less likely to occur in the first group.
Here it is in plain language. An OR of 1.2 means there is a 20% increase in the odds of an outcome with a given exposure. An OR of 2 means there is a 100% increase in the odds of an outcome with a given exposure. Or this could be stated that there is a doubling of the odds of the outcome.
For example, when the RR is 2.0 the chance of a bad outcome is twice as likely to occur with the treatment as without it, whereas an RR of 0.5 means that the chance of a bad outcome is twice as likely to occur without the intervention. When the RR is exactly 1, the risk is unchanged.
If the risk ratio is 1 (or close to 1), it suggests no difference or little difference in risk (incidence in each group is the same). A risk ratio > 1 suggests an increased risk of that outcome in the exposed group. A risk ratio < 1 suggests a reduced risk in the exposed group.
An RR (or OR) more than 1.0 indicates an increase in risk (or odds) among the exposed compared to the unexposed, whereas a RR (or OR) <1.0 indicates a decrease in risk (or odds) in the exposed group.
If the ratio is 1 that means that the risks are the same. If it is greater than 1, then the risk is higher, and vice versa. The drug is usually the denominator, so 1.5 means for example, that the risk of dying is higher on the drug by about 50%.
A hazard ratio of one means that there is no difference in survival between the two groups. A hazard ratio of greater than one or less than one means that survival was better in one of the groups.
When α is greater than 1, the hazard function is concave and increasing. When it is less than one, the hazard function is convex and decreasing. As shown in the following plot of its hazard function, the Weibull distribution reduces to the exponential distribution when the shape parameter p equals 1.
Current ratios over 1.00 indicate that a company's current assets are greater than its current liabilities, meaning it could more easily pay of short-term debts.
How the Risk/Reward Ratio Works. In many cases, market strategists find the ideal risk/reward ratio for their investments to be approximately 1:3, or three units of expected return for every one unit of additional risk.
As a measure of effect size, an RR value is generally considered clinically significant if it is less than 0.50 or more than 2.00; that is, if the risk is at least halved, or more than doubled.
A relative risk or odds ratio greater than one indicates an exposure to be harmful, while a value less than one indicates a protective effect. RR = 1.2 means exposed people are 20% more likely to be diseased, RR = 1.4 means 40% more likely. OR = 1.2 means that the odds of disease is 20% higher in exposed people.
For example, an odds ratio for men of 2.0 could correspond to the situation in which the prob- ability for some event is 1% for men and 0.5% for women. An odds ratio of 2.0 also could correspond to a probability of an event occurring 50% for men and 33% for women, or to a probability of 80% for men and 67% for women.
Assuming there are no other factors that may confound the association, a risk ratio less than 1 indicates that the risk in the exposed (index) group is less than the risk in the unexposed or less -exposed (reference) group, and therefore, the exposure is preventive.
A risk ratio greater than one indicates an increased relative risk: 1.33 translates to 33% greater risk. A risk ratio less than one indicates a lower risk: 0.75 translates to a 25% lower risk. If you use risk ratio/relative risk in your reporting, try to include absolute risk as well.
For example, if survival is 50% in one group and 40% in an- other, the measures of effect or association are as follows: the risk ratio is 0.50/0.40 = 1.25 (ie, a relative increase in survival of 25%); the risk difference is 0.50 − 0.40 = 0.10 (ie, an absolute increase in survival of 10%), which translates into a ...
A risk ratio greater than 1.0 indicates that the risk for the racial or ethnic group is greater than the risk for the comparison group. Accordingly, a risk ratio of 2.0 indicates that one group is twice as likely as other children to be identified, placed, or disciplined in a particular way.
An odds ratio of 0.5 would mean that the exposed group has half, or 50%, of the odds of developing disease as the unexposed group. In other words, the exposure is protective against disease.
An odds ratio bigger than 2 and less than 4 is possibly important and should be looked at very carefully. An odds ratio bigger than 1.5 and less than 2 is interesting and worth inves- tigating further but not convincing in just one study.
